广州市鼠、蚤分布及自然疫源性疾病调查

Investigation on Distribution of Rodents, Fleas and Zoonoses in Guangzhou City

目的调查广州地区鼠、蚤分布情况及其感染自然疫源性疾病状况。方法夜笼法。对捕获鼠类及蚤类进行分类鉴定,采用鼠疫IHA法检测鼠疫F1抗体,用直接免疫荧光法(IFAT)检测HFRS抗原,用间接免疫荧光法检测HFRS抗体,用显微凝集试验检测钩端螺旋体抗体。结果广州地区鼠类优势种是褐家鼠,占70.97%,其次是黄胸鼠。鼠类染蚤率为12.45%,鼠体表寄生蚤优势种为印鼠客蚤,占98.20%,主要宿主是黄胸鼠。未查出鼠疫F1抗体;鼠类HV带毒率为5.4%,褐家鼠带毒率较高,为6.1%;鼠血清钩端螺旋体抗体阳性率为0.97%。结论广州未发现鼠间鼠疫,但自然疫源性疾病的流行因素仍广泛存在。应加强监测,灭鼠灭蚤,防止自然疫源性疾病流行。

Objective To study the distribution of rodents, fleas and their zoonoscs in Guangzhou city. Methods Rodents were captured by cages in Guangzhou city and identified to species. Antibody of plague F1, HFRS and leptospirosis were tested by IHA, IFAT, IIF and microscape agglutination test, respectively. Results The major rodent species was Rattus norvegicus, about 70.97%, and the second was Rattus flavipectus. Infectious rates of rodents were 12,17%. The dominant species of flea was X.cheopis, about 98.20%. The major host animal was Rattus flavipectus. No F1 antibody of plague was found. The HV infection rate of rodent was 5.4%. The infection rate Rattus norvegicus was higher than other rodents, about 6.1%. Positive rate of leptospirosis antibody in serum of rodents was 0.97%. Conclusion No plague was found in Guangzhou, but the epidemic factors of zoonoses still exist widely. Surveillance and perish of rodents, fleas should be strengthened to prevent the epidemic of zoonoses.