语言学的“字”与文字学的“字”

On the Similarities and Differences between "Character" in Linguistics and "Character" in Philology

“字”这个术语承担着不同的概念。在文字学中,“字”分别指:1、形音义三要素或者形音二要素相统一的符号。2、字的形体,也就是在形音义三要素的字中,视觉能够感知的部分。3、指可以用来记载语言的音义但尚未与语言的音义结合的图形符号。在语言学中,“字”分别指:1、单纯的语音音节。2、口语中的语言单位。3、即书面语中用视觉图形符号所表示的语言单位。综合起来看,文字是视觉图形符号与语言符号结合的产物,因而字既是文字的用字基本单位,也是书面语言的基本单位。

The terminology ＂character＂ undertakes different concepts. In philology, it refers separately to the following first, the unified symbols of the shape, the pronunciation and the meaning or the combination of the former two; second, the sensational part of vision within a character＇s three essential factors of shape, pronunciation and meaning; third, the graph mark that is used to record a language＇s pronunciation and meaning but has not yet been combined with the language＇s pronunciation and meaning. In linguistics, however, ＂character＂ refers specifically to the following： first,the pure pronunciation syllable; second,the oral account of the character; third, the language unit expressed in visual graph mark within the written language. To sum up, writing is the product of the visual graph mark and the language mark. Therefore, ＂character＂ is not only the basic unit of using words, but also the fundamental unit of written language.