理解:开始与终结

Understanding:Beginning and the End

哲学解释学、人类学和社会学可以被看作对理解和解释进行研究的三种不同方式,它们分别关注理解本身、理解的对象和理解的方式。作为人的一种基本存在方式,理解开始于人类认识世界的心理需求和增进交往的实践需要。当我们把一种陌生的文化现象作为司空见惯的东西包容在我们的知识信念系统中,或者把这种文化现象作为我们的知识信念的一个逻辑蕴涵,我们就达成了对这个现象的理解。第一种理解会导致对文化多样性的承认,第二种理解实际上倚赖于某种维系文化多样性的文化共性。但是理解有其限度,在理解的尽头,人类需要宽容和用来约束交往的规则。

explanatory philosophy,anthropology and sociology can be regarded as three ways to conduct research into understanding and explanation and they focus on understanding itself, the object of understanding, and the way of understanding respectively. As a basic way of human existence, understanding originated from mankind＇s psychological need to understand the world and the practical need to increase communications with each other.When we incorporate a kind of unfamiliar cultural phenomenon into our system of knowledge and concept as something common,or when we regard a cultural phenomenon as a logical component of our knowledge and ideas, we come to the understanding of this phenomenon.The first understanding leads to the recognition of cultural diversity and the second actually depends on the cultural commonality that helps maintain cultural diversity.But there is a limit to understanding and mankind needs tolerance and the rules governing mankind＇s ways of communication.