3mm波段地面遥感大气水的研究

Research on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water by Means of Ground Based 3mm Band Radiometry

测量大气本身的微波辐射，可以推算大气要素，如大气温度、含水量、臭氧和其他一些气体的浓度。利用８ｍｍ和１．３５ｃｍ波段的双通道微波辐射计可以遥感大气中汽态水和液态水的含量。本文通过对３个微波波段在大气中的辐射传输的计算和结果比较，发现可以在地面利用３ｍｍ波段遥感大气水，尤其是遥感晴空汽态水含量将具有更高的灵敏度。开展３ｍｍ波段的辐射测量，将有利于精确地监测大气水的含量和变化，这对中尺度天气预报。

By means of ground based reception of atmospheric emission, we could get the atmospheric parameters such as temperature profile, water vapour, liquid water, ozone and other atmospheric trace gases. Using atmospheric noise reception of 1.35cm water vapour absorption band and 8mm window band, we could obtain the atmospheric total water vapour content and liquid water content of cloud. In this paper by way of calculating atmospheric radiation brightness temperature at three microwave bands, it could be demonstrated that 3mm band is more sensitive to the water vapour content and liquid water content than 1.35cm and 8mm bands, especially for water vapour content in clear sky. Developing 3mm band radiometry is advantageous to remote sensing of atmospheric water. Continuous measurements with high accuracy are important in determining forecasting on the mesoscale and heat balance in climatology