FDI与自主研发:基于行业数据的经验研究

Does FDI Facilitate or Dampen Indigenous R&D?

FDI的进入,究竟是刺激了内资企业自主创新的能力,还是使得本国企业过分依赖外国的技术,从而丧失了自主研发的能力?这在发展经济学和跨国公司理论的研究过程中始终是一个有争议的问题。有的学者看到了一些内资企业在外资的强大压力下被淘汰出局的事实,从而得出了“抑制论”的结论;主张FDI会提高内资企业自主研发能力的“促进论”认为,当FDI与当地公司在同一市场相互竞争时,当地公司为了在竞争中不处于劣势,必然增加研发经费,以提高企业的技术水平。本文收集了我国科技开放与FDI方面行业层面的面板数据,通过回归分析考察了FDI对我国民族企业自主创新能力的影响。我们的发现支持了“促进论”的观点。

Effective indigenous R＆D is now widely recognized as a necessary for a developing economy like China to sustain its rapid growth and eventually catch up with the developed nations. Meanwhile, many have concerns that a rapid inflow of FDI, which in the short run is an engine of economic growth, diminishes the incentives and capacity of indigenous R＆D and therefore impedes long term economic development. The paper is an empirical investigation of this hypothesis by compiling a panel data set of 37 industries covering the years of 1998-2003. Our empirical tests reject the above hypothesis. To the contrary, we found that those industries attracting more FDI over the sample years had more input into and achievements of R＆D. Our did alternative tests show that it is unlikely the＇resuhs are driven by common factors driving FDI and indigenous R＆D.