构建避开霍尔木兹海峡的国际通道——中国与海湾油气安全连接战略

Building International Transport Lines By passing the Hormuz Strait:Strategy for Safe Oil and Gas Connections between China and the Gulf Region

到2020年,中国每年至少需要进口2.7亿吨石油。今后中国大部分进口石油都将来自海湾地区。获得长期和稳定的石油供应,是我国未来能源安全战略的核心问题。由海湾到中国的石油运输航线是一条充满风险的海上通道,最主要的“瓶颈”地带就是有“世界石油咽喉”之称的霍尔木兹海峡,它很容易遭受意外堵塞或人为封锁,寻找更安全的替代通道已是势在必行。建设从海湾腹地到印度洋开阔水域的油气管道和铁路、公路通道,既可以减少经由霍尔木兹海峡的水路迂回运输里程,又可避免海峡地区各种冲突造成的风险,实现中国与海湾的油气安全连接和经济紧密对接。

By the year 2020, China’s annual imports of oil will have increased to at least 270 million tons. No matter what efforts are made, China will have to import most of this oil from the Persian Gulf. Therefore, finding a lasting and steady oil supply from the Gulf region will be a core issue in China’s future energy security strategy. The oil shipping line from the Gulf to China is a marine shipping route full of risks, with a major bottleneck in the Hormuz Strait. Known as the “oil throat of the world,” the Strait is likely to encounter accidental jams or artificial blockades. Therefore, the author argues that it is imperative to find an alternative safer route. The author suggests that building an oil and gas pipeline as well as railway and highway routes from the hinterland of the Gulf region to the open waters of the Indian Ocean can avoid the roundabout mileage via the Hormuz Strait, lower the risks that may occur due to various conflicts in the Strait region, and ensure safe economic connections between China and the Persian Gulf for oil and gas supplies.