摘要
本文讨论一种度量人身安全的新方法,该方法的三个步骤是:1)威胁评估;2)数据的收集和组织;3)用地理信息系统进行数据可视化与分析。这里重点讨论对柬埔寨的实例研究结果。目前应用的人身安全概念是由联合国发展计划制定的,它认为经济、健康、食物、政治、个人和环境都是同等重要的因素。每一种国家级威胁都要考虑,而地区的、有空间参照的数据也要被收集。在本文的分析过程中,贫困、登革热(热带疾病)和肺结核都是应用的实例。所有包含贫困、登革热(热带疾病)和肺结核这三种威胁的柬埔寨区域(热点)的位置都被确定出来,还计算了三者间的空间相关性。此方法:1)提出了广义的人身安全概念;2)对政策制定和决策者有潜在帮助;3)可鉴别单一部门的分析所不能解决的研究问题。
A new methodology for measuring human security is presented.The three stages of the methodology are:i) threat assessment,ii) data collection and organization,and iii) data visualization and analysis,using Geographic Information Systems.Results from a Cambodia case study are highlighted.The United Nations Development Program's notion of human security,which gives equal weight to economic,health,food,political,personal,and environmental factors,is used.Country-specific threats in each category are determined, and local,spatially referenced data are collected.In this paper,poverty,dengue fever,and tuberculosis are used as examples of the analytic process.Regions of Cambodia exposed to all three of these threats ('hot spots') are located,and spatial correlation between poverty, dengue fever,and tuberculosis is calculated.The methodology i) advances a broad concept of human security,ii) will potentially assist policy and decision makers,and iii) identifies research questions that cannot be resolved using single-sector analysis.
