黄、东海生态系统中鱼卵、仔稚幼鱼种类组成与数量分布

The category composition and abundance of ichthyoplankton in the ecosystem of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

2000年秋季和2001年春季“北斗号”生物资源调查船利用大型浮游生物网采用表层水平拖网的调查方式对黄、东海鱼卵、仔稚幼鱼种类组成与数量分布进行了调查。秋季和春季分别设置66个(黄海26个,东海40个)和98个(黄海46个,东海52个)调查站。每站拖网10min,拖网速度为3.0nmile/h。调查结果表明:秋季和春季所采集到的鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼样品共62种以及鳗鲡目和飞鱼类两大类,鉴定到种的44种,隶属于9目33科40属;还有10种仅能鉴定到属,6种和飞鱼类仅能鉴定到科,1种和鳗鲡目一大类仅能鉴定到目以及1种不能识别。优势种为、鲐、带鱼、棱、黑鳃梅童鱼、绿鳍鱼以及多鳞、鼠、大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼等。2000年秋季,从黄海和东海分别采集到16粒鱼卵、107尾仔稚幼鱼和495粒鱼卵、116尾仔稚幼鱼。鱼卵、仔稚幼鱼的出现频率分别为26.92%、38.46%和65.00%、40.46%,平均密度分别为0.6粒/站、3.6尾/站和12.4粒/站、2.8尾/站。2001年春季,从黄海和东海分别采集到3粒鱼卵、61尾稚幼鱼和17587粒鱼卵和1560尾仔稚幼鱼,鱼卵、仔稚幼鱼的出现频率分别为2.17%、39.13%和57.69%、48.08%,平均密度仅分别为0.07粒/站、1.3尾/站和338.2粒/站、30.0尾/站。秋季,黄海区的硬骨鱼类进入产卵末期,而东海区才刚刚进入产卵末期。春季,黄海区的硬骨鱼类刚刚进入产卵初期,而东海区已进入产卵盛期。此外,对秋季和春季鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼的数量分布以及鼠、、棱、多鳞、少鳞、黑鳃梅童鱼、小黄鱼、鲐、带鱼、绿鳍鱼、大泷六线鱼和细纹狮子鱼等优势种类的鱼卵和仔稚幼鱼数量分布进行了详尽的描述。2000年和2001年黄海区鱼卵、仔稚幼鱼的种类组成与1985年和1986年发生了明显的变化,这与黄海区渔业资源和鱼类群落结构的变化是相符合的。

The categories composition and abundance distribution of ichthyoplankton survey were carried out by the board R/V Beidou in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during Autumn 2000 and Spring 2001. In the investigated area,where were 120°00＇ - 127°30＇E, 25°50＇ - 36°30＇N, 66 （26 sampling stations in Yellow Sea and 40 in East China Sea） and 98 （46 in Yellow Sea and 52 in East China Sea） sampling stations were set up respectively. The abundance of fish eggs and larvae were investigated by horizontally towing with a zooplankton net （mouth diameter 80 cm, 270 cm in length, mesh size 0.50 mm） on the sea surface at a speed of 3.0 n mile/h at each sampling stage. The time of towing was 10 minutes. Among 62 taxa, eels fishes （Anguiliformes） and flying fishes （Exocoetidae） of ichthyoplankton were collected during Autumn 2000 and Spring 2001, of which 44 taxa were identified as species, belonging to 40 genera, 33 families and 9 orders, 10 taxa as genera, 6 taxa and flying fishes as family, 1 taxa and eels fishes as order and 1 as unidentified species. The preponderant species were Engraulis japonicus （egg. 79.68 %, larvae： 7.37 % ）, Scomber japonicus （ egg. 1.21%, larvae： 0,16%）, Trichiurus lepturus （egg： 0.66%, larvae： 0.27%）, Liza affini （egg： 0.05%, larvae： 1.52%）, CoUichthys niveatus （egg： 14.90%）, Chalidonichthys kumu （egg： 0.46%）, SiUago sihama （larvae. 77.25% ）, Gonorhynchus abbreviatus （larvae： 4.50% ）, Hexagrammos otakii （larvae： 1.95% ）, and Liparis tanakae （larvae： 1.19% ） etc. During Autumn 2000, a total of 511 eggs and 223 larvae of fishes were captured respectively. In the Yellow Sea, 16 eggs and 107 larvae were captured, and in the East China Sea, 495 eggs and 116 larvae were captured. The frequencies of eggs and larvae were 26.92% and 38.46% in the Yellow Sea, 65.00% and 40.46% in the East China Sea, respectively. The average density of eggs and larvae were 0.6 ind./station and 3.6 ind./station respectively in the Yellow Sea, and 12.4 indA./station and 2.8 ind./station respectively in the East China Sea. During Spring 2001, total of 17 590 eggs and 1 621 larvae of fishes were captured respectively. In the Yellow Sea, 3 eggs and 61 larvae were captured, and in the East China Sea, 17 587 eggs and 1 560 larvae were captured, respectively. The frequencies of eggs and larvae were 2.17% and 39.13% respectively in the Yellow Sea, and 57.69% and 48.08% in the East China Sea, respectively. The average density of eggs and larvae were 0.07 ind./station and 1.3 ind./station respectively in the Yellow Sea, and 338.2 ind./station and 30.0 ind./station respectively in the East China Sea. During the period of autumn, the spawning season of osteichthyes fishes entered into last part of the period in the Yellow Sea, while that entered just into the period in the East China Sea. The annual spawning cycle was concluded instantly in the Yellow Sea. During the period of spring, the spawning season entered just into first part of the spawning period in the Yellow Sea, while that entered into the prosperity of spawning period in the East Chins Sea, The abundance distribution of ichthyoplankton and fish eggs and larvae of preponderant species, such as Gonorhynchus abbreviatus, Engraulis japonicus, Liza affinis, Sillago sihama , Sillago japonica, Collichthys niveatus , Pseudosciaena polyactis , Scomber japonicus , Trichiurus leptutus, Chalidonichthys kumu, Hexagrammos otakii and Liparis tanakae were described in detail. The categories composition of ichthyoplankton in the Yellow Sea changed evidently from 1985 and 1986 to 2000 and 2001, it was in correspondence with the alternation of fishery resources strongly affected by anthropic activities [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 （1）： 28-44, 2006].