解读列宁关于社会主义东方道路“文化变革”的理论和策略

An Analysis to the Cultural Transformation in Lenin's Oriental Route about Socialist Development

列宁开拓的社会主义东方道路的基本特点是“政治变革”先于“文化变革”。这样,无产阶级国家可以在科学社会主义指引下,包括利用资本主义在内的“和平的‘文化’组织工作”,在一个经济发展落后的国家逐步实现生产的商品化、社会化和现代化,在此过程中同时实现社会关系和上层建筑的改造,为经典意义上的社会主义的建成准备必要条件。这条道路显示出对资本主义“以剥夺农民为基础”的血和泪的过程有着无比的优越性。列宁并不认为这是通向社会主义的唯一道路。社会主义代替资本主义的历史必然性与道路多样性的统一,展现了社会主义的绚丽多姿和广阔前景。

Political transformation previous to cultural traformation is sore as the essential trait in Lenin＇s Oriental Route about socialist development. This trait shows proletarian nations may gradually, by making use of the ＂peacefully organizing culturerelated work＂ under the guide of the seiontific socialism, develop and realize productional commercialization, socialization and modernization in a less-developed economic condition. This transforming process spontaneously realizes the change of social relations and superstructure and does the necessary preparations for the accomplishment of socialism. This Route enjoys an infinite superiority to that of capitalists＇ exploitation to farmers. However, Lenin does not think this is the only way to socialism： The integrity of the historic inevitability that socialism will finally substitute capitalism and the variety of routes displays the magnificent types and promising future of socialism.