中外第三部门发展路径比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Development Ways of NGO both in China and Foreign Countries

我国第三部门的发展路径与西方国家第三部门的发展路径有很大的差异。在西方,第三部门的存在与发展是社会发展的必然,是在国家与社会的二元化与市民社会的自治空间的社会基础上发展起来的,其发展路径一般表现为自下而上的自发为主的过程。而我国第三部门产生与演变的动力主要是外部压力的结果,是在改革开放后,基本实现了国家与社会的二元化,社会在一定程度上具备了自治性的基础上而产生的,其发展的路径,从总体上看,是一种自上而下为主、自下而上为辅的过程。

Great differences exist in development ways and means of NGO between China and foreign countries. In westem countries, it is the trend of social development that NGO existed and developed, based on dualization of the state and society and autonomous space of civil society. Its development way is mainly a spontaneous process from bottom to top. While in China, its birth and evolution primarily resulted from external pressure. After reform and opening, dualization of the state and society took shape and to a certain degree the society was equipped with autonomy, as a result NGO came into being. Its developing way, as a whole, is predominatingly from above to below and a subsidiary process of from bottomto top.