朋友关系与儿童分享行为

The Relation of Friend and The Sharing Behaviors In Children

采用问卷法与访谈法,考察小学一、三、五年级共128名7—11岁儿童在不同朋友关系条件下分享行为的发展特点,并分析了不同朋友关系条件下儿童分享的内部动机。结果发现:(1)一至五年级儿童无论是朋友间还是非朋友间的分享均随年龄的增长呈下降趋势,具体表现为好朋友之间的分享高于非好朋友之间的分享;(2)一至五年级儿童同好朋友的分享行为大多出自个人功利的动机,同不是好朋友的分享行为大多出自遵守规则的动机;(3)同好朋友分享时,小学儿童考虑个人利益的分享动机显著高于非个人利益的分享动机;同不是好朋友分享时,儿童考虑利己与否没有差异。

With the approach of questionnaire and interview, this study explores the characteristics of sharing behavior and analyze the motivation of sharing behavior under the different relation of friend in 128 children of 7-11 year old selected from each one class of Grade 1, 3, 5. The findings are as follows： （1） In grades from one to five, there is a decline of elementary school children＇s sharing behavior as their age- growth no matter what good--friend or not good--friend; specific show is that good-friend sharing higher than not good--friend sharing. （2） In grades from one to five, the major moral motive of good--friend shar- ing is self--utility moral motive ; of not good--friend sharing, observe--rule moral motive. （3） With good-- friend sharing, self--interested moral motive of elementary school children＇s sharing behavior is significantly higher than non--self--interested moral motive of them; with not good--friend sharing, self--interested moral motive and non--self--interested moral motive haven＇t difference.