湖南永顺县落叶木莲资源考察初报

Investigation on resource of Manglietia deciduas of Yongshun county in Hunan

首次报道湘西武陵山地永顺县发现国家一级保护植物落叶木莲，分布区地理位置在110°18″E、28°55″N的武陵山脉西北部沅水支流酉水流域，面积2000hm^2。多呈散生分布，稀有小面积群落，成年大树有5000余株，胸径5cm以下幼树及小苗有20000余株。地带性植被为中亚热带常绿阔叶林，落叶木莲群落属常绿与落叶阔叶混交林，分布在海拔400～900m的山坡中下部，主要有枫香、野漆树、落叶木莲和甜槠、星毛石栎、落叶木莲等群落类型。此前，落叶木莲仅分布在江西幕阜山地宣春市明月山，是木兰科木莲属极度濒危的唯一一个落叶树种，对探讨被子植物的起源和木兰科的系统演化有重要的科学意义。落叶木莲抗寒性较强，花淡黄色，树形美观，早期速生，具有较高的观赏和实用价值。

First time reports the Hunan western Wuling mountainous region Yongshun eounty discovery country one level of protections plants Manglietia deciduas ,distribution area geography position in 110° 18″ E,28°55″ N Wuling sierra Yuan water branch tenth Earthly Branch water basin, area 2000hm^2 . Assumes disperses lives the distribution, the rare small area group falls, the grown-up big tree has 5000 extra, below tree diameter at chest height 5cm the saphng and young Miao has 20000 extra. The region vegetation is often green for the center subtropics deciduous forest, the Manglietia deciduas group falls is often green with the fallen leaf broad-leaf mixed forest, in the distributed elevation 400 ～ 900 m hillside lower part, mainly has the Chinese sweet gum, Toxicodendron succedaneum, the Manglietia deciduas and is Castanopsis eyrei, Litmus petelotii, Manglietia deciduas and so on the group falls the type. Before this, the Manglietia deciduas only distributes the Jiangxi Mobu mountainous region Ichun city moon mountain, is only 1 fallen leaves tree seeds which Magnoliaceae Manglietia is extremely is in imminent danger, to discusses angiosperm the origin and the Magnoliaceae system evolution has the vital scientific significance. The Manglietia deciduas winter resistance is stronger, spend faint yellow, the shape of tree is artistic, the early time fast lives, and has high watches with the practical value.