一种基于需求特性分类的备件库存管理方法及其实证研究

A Demand Classification Based Approach of Inventory Management for Spare-parts and Its Application

提出了一种基于分类的备件库存管理方法,该方法先从备件需求预测的角度对备件进行分类,然后对每一类备件的需求进行预测并给出了其适当的库存决策方法.基于分类的预测方法可以解决备件种类过多、部分备件需求的历史数据不足问题并能够为每类备件选择预测精度较高的预测方法;基于分类的库存决策模型适用于在缺少单位备件缺货成本参数条件下的订购点与订购批量决策.以石化企业的阀门为典型背景,论文说明了所提出方法的适用性和优越性.

This paper proposes a classification based inventory management approach for spare-parts. The approach firstly divides spare-parts into different classes; then demand forecasting method and inventory control policy for each class of spare-parts are suggested. Chassification based forecasting is applicable when there are too many spare-part types and some types of spare-part do not have enough historical data, a better forecasting approach can be suggested according to characteristics of a spare-part class; classification based inventory decision on reorder point and order quantity can be properly made even when the enterprise can not measure unit backorder cost, which is usual in spare- part inventory management. Thus the approach proposed in this paper provides a practical framework of spsre-part inventory management for process industries. Efficacy of the approach is illustrated by its application to valve＇ s inventory management of a petrochemical enterprise.