权力、知识与教育改革

Power,Knowledge,and Educational Reform

今天的美国教育正处在一个保守时期。众多的学校被责之为失败的机构,因为它们远没有适应美国社会的环境变化。许多人甚至把美国公立教育视为经济效率低下、失业、贫困和国际竞争力丧失等的替罪羊。这种责难实际上是对平等主义准则与价值的攻击,它表明当代美国教育正出现一个右转的倾向。本文试图通过比较系统的分析,把上述人们分为四个部分。作为右翼联盟的四个基本构成部分,尽管其各自都有自己相对独立的历史和动力机制,但是,它们却投身到一个共同的保守性运动之中。该四个群体分别是:新自由主义、新保守主义、专制的民粹主义以及作为正呈向上流动趋势的专业和管理新中产阶级中的一个特殊部分。

Today, American education is in the middle of conservative period. Many educational institutions are seen as failures that can＇t adept themselves to the changes of social circumstance. Most of peo- ple even regard public education as the scapegoat for declining economic productivity, unemployment, poverty, a loss of international competitiveness, and so on. In essence, behind of this is an attack on egalitarian norm and values. It indicates that a rightward turn also has occurred in current American education system. Through a systematic analysis, this thesis will divide these people into four groups. As four major elements of a rightist alliance, each has its own relatively autonomous history and dynamics; but each has also been sutured into the more general conservative movement. These elements include neo-liberals, neo- conservatives, authoritarian populists, and a particular fraction of the upwardly mobile professional and managerial new middle class.