预见性政府治理与社会突发事件的预警机制

A Study on Institution of Social Crisis Detection

危机预警与危机应急处理同样重要。前者重在预防,后者重在治疗。建立系统、完整的社会突发事件预警机制是现阶段我国构建应对社会突发事件政府危机管理机制的前提和基础。随着“和谐社会”治理理念的提出,尽快建立起有效应对社会突发事件的危机预警机制也就成为预防危机发生、维护社会稳定、构建和谐社会的重要机制之一。

Various emergencies and crises in different social aspects are on the increase in the transitional China along with the development of the socialist market economy of this country. Nowadays, an emergency situation may often cause great impact on social, political, economical, and cultural spheres. Therefore, theoretical studies and empirical practices on emergencies have been an important object in the domain of administration in the Western countries. It is common to establish a general institution of crisis detection as well as an institution of crisis management. The former pays attention to preventing while the later to treating. To establish a systemic mechanism of crisis detection is the premise and jumping - off point that develops the mechanism of government crisis management, which features on solving social emergencies. With the spread of the idea of a ＂harmonious society＂, to establish an institution of early crisis detection has become a vital task in preventing crisis, maintaining social stability, and developing a harmonious society. ＂A government with foresight and preparation＂ may be helpful in promoting the administration efficiency, and improving government services. Moreover, it is also an important dimension to judge government management capability. This paper goes deep into discussion on the background, necessity, and theoretical foundation of the institution of crisis detection. It believes that the institution is not only an important guarantee for the development of a harmonious society but also a vital approach to improving the quality of administration and governance. In the light of the necessity of developing a formal institution of crisis detection at the present stage, effort is focused on the study of the following two aspects： organizing capability and institutional framework of crisis detection. To develop a formal institution of crisis detection is not a simple task. It involves a series of secondary institutions： organizing system, three - dimensional commanding system, and law and regulation system, responsive and post -crisis management plan, detective system, and detective scope and classification of crisis detection, and ways of promoting social capability of crisis management, etc.