市场转型与下岗工人

Market Transition and Laid-off Workers

本文根据市场转型理论和劳动力市场区隔理论,主要探讨了中国市场化改革对下岗、再就业和收入回报的影响。作者运用定量研究方法检验了人力资本和政治资本对工人就业和收入的作用,以及这些作用是如何因企业而异。研究发现,人力资本和政治资本对于下岗都有决定性作用,但未能影响工人再就业之后的收入回报。另外,在改革前影响工人福祉的企业所有制类型、级别和规模不再对工人的下岗和再就业产生影响。研究还发现,基于“系统性歧视”或“雇佣者趣味”的年龄和性别歧视可能会带来劳动力市场的新的区隔。

Based on market transition theory and segmented labor market theory, this study has investigated the effects of China's market oriented reform on urban layoff, reemployment and job rewards. Using quantitative research methods, it examined the effects of human capital and political capital on workers' employment and income and how these effects differ by types of enterprises. This study has found that both human capital and political capital play important roles in determining layoff but lose their effects on income in post-layoff jobs. In addition, ownership, rank, and size of enterprises that used to affect workers' well-being before reform do not affect workers' layoff and reemployment. The study also reveals that other types of segmentations based on “systematic discrimination' or “employer taste' on age and gender may emerge in the urban labor market.