实质民主与形式自由——对蔡元培民初教育思想的一种知识社会学解读

Substantial Democracy and Formal Liberty: A study on Cai Yuanpei's educational thought during the beginning of the Republic of China from the sociology of knowledge

本文从知识社会学的视角出发,梳理了中国传统的教育精神及其社会学基础,继而对清末社会转型所导致的几次重大教育改革进行了再探讨。研究表明,如果以传统教育精神的根本转型为中国教育乃至中国社会现代性转型的最终标志,这一转型是在民初蔡元培那里,而非清末改革者那里实现的。把蔡元培作为中国现代教育精神的奠基人,这一观点一方面是对已有思想史研究长久以来只把清末教育改革、科举制度的废除或1919年视为中国现代教育之标志的一种补充;另一方面,进一步拓展了对民初蔡元培教育思想及其社会学意义的研究。

Form the perspective of sociology of knowledge, this article defines the Chinese tradition education spirit and its sociological foundation,and discusses several important education reforms caused by social transformation at the end of Qing Dynasty. It indicates, the essential modern transformation of Chinese education and society is not realized by the reformers at the end of imperial China, but by Cai Yuanpei at the beginning of the Republic of China.