1Practice guideines for obstetrical anesthesia.A report by American Society of Anesthesiolohists Task Force on Obstetrical anesthesia.Anesthesiology,1999,90:600.
2Ledin ES,Gentele C,Olofsson CH.PCEA compared to continuous epidural in an ultra-low-dose regimen for labor pain relief:a randomized study.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2003,47:1 085-1 090.
4Van der Vyver M,Halpern S,Joesph G.Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous infusion fer labour analgesia:a meta-analysis Br J Araesth.2002,89:459-465.
5Tsen LT,Thue B,Datta S,et al.Combined spinal-epidural analgesia associated with more rapid cervical dilation in nulliparous patients when compared with conventional epidural analgesia?Anesthesiology,1999,91:920-926.
6Beunard JM,Le-Roux,D,Vizquel L,et al.Patient controlled epidural a nalegsia during labor:the effects of the increase in bolus and lockout interval.Anesth Analg.2002,90:328-332.
7Practice guidelines for obstetrical anesthesia.A report by American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on obstetrical anesthesia.Anesthesiology,2002,90:600.
8Cohen SE,Yeh JY,Riley,ET,et al.Walking with labor epidural analgesia the impact of bupivacaine concentration and a lidocaine epinephrine test dose.Anesthesiology,2002,92:387.
9Morgan BM.Walking epidurals in labor.Anaesthesia,1995,50:839.
10Karraz MA.Ambulatory epidural anesthesia and the duration of labor.Int J Gynaecol Obstet.2003,80:117-122.
二级参考文献14
1Yan Xiangmo，The Second Eastwest Int Conference on Pain Management，1995年，310页
2Meister GC,Angelo RD,Owen M,et al.A comparison of epidural analgesia with 0. 125% ropivacaine with fentanil versus 0. 125%bupivacain with fentanyl during labor[].Anesthesia and Analgesia.2000
3Gaiser RR,Venkateswaren P,Cheek TG,et al.Comparison of 0.25 % ropivacaine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia for labor and vaginal delivery[].Journal of Clinical Anesthesia.1997
4Fischer C,Blanie P,Jaouen E,et al.Ropivacaine, 0. 1%, plus sufentanil, 0. 5μg ml versus bupivacaine, 0. 1% , plus sufentanil 0. 5μg ml, using patient-controlled epidural analgersia for labor: a double-blind comparison[].Anesthesiology.2000
5Campbell DC,Zwack R M,Crone LL,et al.Ambulatory labor epidural analgesia: bupivacaine versus ropivacaine[].Anesthesia and Analgesia.2000
6Macarthur A,Macarthur C,Weeks S,et al.Epidural anaesthesia and low back pain after delivery: a prospective cohort study[].British Medical Journal.1995
7Benhamou D,Hamza J,Eledjam JJ,et al.Continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine 2mg.ml ’ for pain relief during labor[].British Journal of Anaesthesia.1997
8Breen TW,Shapiro T,Glass B,et al.Epidural anesthesia for labor in an ambulatory patient[].Anesthesia and Analgesia.1993
9Eddleston JM,Holland JJ,Griffin RP,et al.A double-blind comparison of 0.25 % ropivacaine and 0.25% bupivacaine for extradural analgesia in labor[].British Journal of Anaesthesia.1996
10Bloom SL,Mclntire DD,Kelly MA,et al.Lack of effect of walking on labor and delivery[].The New England Journal of Medicine.1998
