南京市9～10岁儿童变应性鼻炎的相关调查

The questionnaire survey of children allergic rhini-tis in Nanjing

目的调查南京市9～10岁儿童变应性鼻炎流行病学特征并分析其相关危险因素。方法2004年3～9月,选择南京市7所小学三年级(9～10岁)学生为研究对象,设计“南京市儿童呼吸道疾病问卷调查表”,调查分两阶段,问卷调查阶段、根据问卷结果筛选变应性鼻炎可疑对象并进行专科检查予以确诊阶段。变应性鼻炎诊断依据ARIA标准。对结果进行统计学处理。结果发放问卷总数为1087份,回收989份,应答率91%,有效问卷942份。南京市9～10岁儿童变应性鼻炎现患率为5.1%(48/942),其中男5.6%(27/484),女4.6%(21/458),男、女发病率无差异(x2=0.480,P>0.05);按ARIA标准:持续性45.8%(22/48),其中轻度20.8%(10/48)、中-重度25.8%(12/48);间歇性54.2%(26/48),其中轻度45.8%(22/48)、中-重度8.4%(4/48)。在变应性鼻炎危险因素中,40.0%患者伴有支气管哮喘,环境因素中家庭装潢后诱发症状不容忽视,27.1%的患者有家族史。结论南京市9～10岁儿童变应性鼻炎现患率为5.1%,初步了解南京市变应性鼻炎流行病现状,为变应性鼻炎标准化防治提供流行病学资料。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemic features of pediatric allergic rhinitis （AR） and correlative risk factors in Nanjing, China. METHODS A questionnaire survey on AR and airway diseases was conducted among 1087 elementary school children in seven schools, aged from 9 to10 years old, by random cluster sampling, from Mar. to Sep., 2004 in Nanjing. Suspects of AR,as identified by the survey, were recommended to specialist examinations for accurate diagnosis. Diagnosis criteria of AR were that of ARIA（Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma）. RESULTS Nine hundred and eighty-nine questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 91% and 942 questionnaires were available. The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 9 to 10 is 5.1%（48/942） in Nanjing. The difference of prevalence between female （5.6 %, 271484） and male （4.6 %, 21/458） was insignificant statistically （x^2 = 0.480, P〉0.05）. According to the classification criteria of ARIA in 2001, 26 children suffered from intermittent AR （22 mild cases, 4 moderate-severe cases）, while 22 suffered from persistent AR （10 mild cases, 12 moderate-severe cases）. Forty percent patients with AR also had bronchial asthma. Domestic decoration was an important factor in the induction of AR and 27.1% of the children with AR had inherent predisposition. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 9 to 10 in Nanjing is 5.1%. Strategy of prevention and treatment of AR should be worked out according to the epidemic feature of AR.