四川石渠县有蹄类动物夏季群落特征初步分析

Summer Community of Ungulates in Shiqu County,Sichuan Province

从群落的组成与结构、多样性和种间关系对四川石渠县有蹄类动物(8种)夏季群落进行了分析。根据动物与环境的相互关系,将该地区有蹄类动物划分为3个不同的群落,即:A.高山裸岩寒漠地带:岩羊+藏原羚+白唇鹿+盘羊+藏羚+马鹿(川西亚种)+藏野驴群落;B.高山灌丛草甸地带:藏原羚+马鹿(川西亚种)+岩羊+藏野驴+藏羚+白唇鹿+马麝(横断山亚种)群落;C.亚高山灌丛草甸地带:马麝(横断山亚种)+藏原羚群落。它们间的相似性系数比较低,各群落在物种组成、结构和优势种等方面具有比较明显的差异。运用2×2列联表法对种间关系研究的结果表明,各物种间的关连系数较小,多数种间为正相关连,部分种间为负相关连,经χ2-检验结果表明多数种间关连不显著,部分种间还呈显著的负相关连,在二维排序轴上位置分散。因此,四川石渠县有蹄类动物夏季群落有种类少、结构简单、分布分散和种间竞争小等特点。

Based on community component, structure, biodiversity and interspecific relationship, the summer community of ungulates in Shiqu County, Sichun Province has been studied. There are 8 species of ungulates in this area. Their distribution and density vary with elevation. Line transect sampling was used to estimate their relative densities. With reference to the relationship between animals and their environment, these ungulates are classified into three subcommunities： A. In alpine exposed rock frigoridesert： Pseudois nayaur, Procapra picticaudata, Cervus albirostris, Ovis ammon, Pantholops hodgsoni, Crvus elaphus macneilli and Equus kiang; B. In alpine shrub and grassland： Procapra picticaudata, Cervus elaphus macneilli, Pseudois nayaur, Equus kiang, Pantholops hodgsoni, Cervus albirostris and Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus; C： In subalpine shrub and grassland： Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus and Procapra picticaudata. Similarities between any two of them are all low, which contributes to their significant differences in component, structure and dominant species. Research on the interspecifie relation by means of 2×2 table shows that interspecific coefficients are low and even some of them are negative correlation. Rcsults of X^2 test indicates that the correlation between most two species are not significant. The points in the two dimensions polar ordination figure are scattered. Thus, the summer community of ungulates in Shiqu County has such character sties as simple-component, widely-scattered, slightly competed.