圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)发情交配节律的比较研究

Comparative Studies on Temporal Estrous Patterns in Captive Female Alpine Musk Deer

在1997～2000年间，甘肃兴隆山麝场的圈养马麝发情交配的时间节律保持相对年间恒定，1996年麝场进行了大规模的圈群间动物调整，导致该年的马麝圈群进入发情较迟，发情持续时间也较其他年份长。总体上，圈养马麝的发情持续时间达3个月，而66％的的发情交配发生于1个月内（从11月21日～12月21日），发情季节（75％的发情完成累计时间）长36天。雌性圈养马麝发情的时间格局受圈养环境的季节性因子影响。饲养人员的饲养风格及各个饲养区内雌性马麝的社会行为的调节效应，各饲养区动物的发情时间格局有显著差异。年龄可影响马麝的发情交配，5．5岁龄以上的马麝发情定时更早。上一年度的繁殖成功与否和当年动物发情迟早无显著相关。野捕圈养麝群和其F1代圈群间的发情时间格局无显著差异。有较多发情周期的个体并不比发情周期仅1～2次的个体更早进入发情。

This study was conducted between 1996 and 2000 in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province. The data about rutting habits of captive Alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） in the Breeding Center of Alpine Musk Deer （BCAMI）） located in the reserve were collected. The temporal rutting patterns were examined to determine the timing and synchrony of estrus. From 1997 to 2000, the temporal estrous patterns remained relatively constant across the years but in 1996, the animals entered estrus later and the cstrous season was longer than in other years possibly due to the animal being transported in that year. In total, the estrus period of captive musk deer in BCAMD occurred seassonally during 3 months of the year, but 66% of mating occurred in a month from 21 Nov, to 21 Dec. The total cstrous season （when 75% of mating occurred） was 36 days. When the possible factors affecting the temporal estrous patterns were analyzed, it appeared that the rutting of females was influenced by both social and seasonal factors. There were significant differences among the temporal estrous patterns of animals in different rows of enclosures, probably because of keeper effects and social interactions among females within a row of enclosures. Female age could affect timing of estrus： females older than 5.5 years entered estrus earlier than younger age-classes. The reproductive success in the previous year was not related to rutting patterns. The temporal estrous patterns were not significantly different between the captive females of the wild-caught deer and their first-generation offspring. Females with more estrous cycles were less likely to enter estrus earlier than those with one or two cycles.