笼养海南鳽的活动时间分配

Time Budget of White-eared Night Heron in Captivity

2003年10月至2004年4月，在对海南[开鸟]进行驯养的基础上，采用全部事件取样法研究了笼养海南[开鸟]的活动时间分配。结果表明：笼养海南[开鸟]一天中除静栖和静立外，其余各行为所占时间比例在白天极少，而在晨（5：00～7：00am）、昏（19：00～21：00pm）和午夜（23：00～1：00am）较大，呈明显的日活动节律；节律变化与季节有关；海南[开鸟]各种行为活动所占比例依次为静栖82．48％、静立8．64％、运动5．36％、取食1．97％、身体护理1．30％、其它0．25％。其时间分配不受季节（春、秋、冬季）影响。

This paper presents some recent results on the time budget of white-eared night heron （Gorsachius magnificus） in captivity, an endangered species in the world. The observation by all-occurrences＇ recording method from October 2003 to April 2004 was conducted. The results are as follows： The time that white-eared night heron started to act at dark was changeable in different months. During the observation, the earliest starting time was 17：07 pm on April 15th and the latest time was 18：49 pm on February 3th. The major behaviors of the heron were standing, resting, moving, feeding, body caring and others （including excreting, drinking and calling）. Daily time budget was： resting 82.48%, standing 8.64%, moving 5.36%, feeding 1.97%, body caring 1.30%, others 0.25% （Fig. 3）. Most of the time was occupied by resting and standing in a day. There were no significant differences in time budget among seasons. Standing, moving and body caring showed three peaks in a day, i.e. from 6：30 to 9：00 am, 18：00 to 21：00 pm and 23：00 pm to 1：00 am. However, the exact time these activities occurred and lasted was different. Standing showed two peaks at night, i. e, from 19：00 pm to 1：00 am and 5：00 am to 7：00 am. Moving had three peaks which were front 17：00 to 19：00 pm, 23：00 to 1：00 am and 5：00 to 7：00 am. Feeding mainly occurred from 19：00 to 21：00 pm and then decreased till dusk. Body caring occurred from 19：00 to 21：00 pm and 23：00 to 1：00 am. Resting was conversed to other activities （Fig. 1）. It might suggest that daily activities of white-eared night heron always occurred at dark, dusk and midnight. Analysis of variance showed that resting, standing, moving, feeding, body caring in different time of a day were different significantly （F=2.501～11.331, P〈0.01, df=107）.