河南省小麦品种白粉病抗性基因的分子鉴定及分子标记辅助育种

The Molecular Identification of Powerdery Mildew Resistance Genes in the Cultivars in Henan Province and Application of Molecular Marker-assisted Breeding

对河南省50年来大面积推广的30个小麦品种进行白粉病抗性鉴定,同时利用与Pm2,Pm4,Pm8,Pm13,Pm21及Pm24紧密连锁的PCR标记对这些主推品种进行抗白粉病基因鉴定。其中仅有3个品种抗白粉病,20世纪80年代以前的品种几乎没有上述抗白粉病基因,80年代以后利用Pm8较多,Pm2,Pm4和Pm24也得到了一定的应用,而Pm13和Pm21没有在这些品种中得到使用。同时利用这些标记对2005年在河南省收获面积大于6.67万hm2的14个品种进行鉴定。采用回交育种及分子标记技术相结合将Pm13,Pm21,Pm30和Pm33等抗性基因导入了大面积生产应用的小麦品种郑麦9023之中,获得了抗白粉病的郑麦9023近等基因系,育成郑麦9023抗白粉病的多系品种。采用杂交育种与分子标记技术相结合,育成郑麦835、郑麦863等白粉病抗性基因聚合的新品种和含有Pm21的抗病品种郑麦883。

The phenotype of thirty cultivars against powdery mildew, those cultivars widely-used in Henan province during the past fifty years, was evaluated. Pm gene contained in these cultivars was identified by the PCR-based markers tightly linked with Pm2, Pm4, Pm8, Pm13, Pm21 and Pm24. Among these cultivars there were only three resistant against powdery mildew. Before 80s nearly none of these Pm genes were used. After 80s Pm8 was widely-used, with the limited use of Pm2, Pm4 and Pm24, while Pm13 and Pm21 did not exist in these cultivars. With the same markers above, the cultivars used more than 6.67×10^4 ha during 2004-2005 were also analyzed. Back-cross breeding combined with molecular marker selection was taken to transfer Pm genes such as Pm13, Pm21, Pm30 and Pm33 to Zheng 9023 which is now widely-used. Lines and NILs of Zheng 9023 resistant against powdery mildew were obtained. Combined hybrid breeding with molecular marker selection, Zheng mai 835 and Zheng mai 863, pyramids of different Pm genes, and Zheng mai 883 containing Pm21 were bred.