单渗透除草地膜的研究

Single-Side Osmosis Weeding Mulching Film

利用除草地膜在加工冷却过程中内外壁存在的温度差,通过加入成核剂的方法改变膜两面不同的结晶结构,达到单面渗透的效果;研究了不同成核剂及用量对单渗透膜的力学性能和光学性能的影响。采用恒温水浴锅和超声波的方法萃取膜中的乙草胺,用气相色谱测定其含量;用原子力显微镜和X衍射表征了单渗透除草膜的内外壁硬度及结晶度的变化。结果表明:除草膜中山梨醇类成核剂含量在0.2%时单面渗透量由51.7%提高到75.4%,拉伸强度由15.14MPa提高到25.73MPa,而且光学性能也得到明显提高。恒温水浴锅萃取法在温度较高时薄膜易溶解,温度较低时萃取时间长效果不好,而超声波萃取法在常温下25分钟即可全部萃取出乙草胺。

The weeding film as a kind of the agricultural functional film plays an important role in increasing temperature and protects the soil nutrient from losing. In the course of the process and cool of blown film,due to the temperature differences on the two sides of the film,it is possible to obtain single-side osmosis effect by controlling the crystal structure through adding some nucleating agent. The extraction of herbicide from the film with a constant and high temperature water boiler was compared with the ultrasonic extraction,its content was tested by gas chromatography, the rigidity and crystal degree were determined by atomic force microscopy. The effects of different amounts of nucleating agent on the osmosis, optical and mechanical properties were tested. The results showed that the film extracted with a constant and hige temperature water boiler was easily dissolved, the ultrasonic improved the extraction efficiency , and acetochlor could be entirely extracted from the film in 25 min at room temperature. The osmosis amount of single-side film with 0.2% of the organic nucleating agent increased from 51.7% to 75.4%,while the tensile strength increased from 15.14MPa to 25.73 MPa,and optical property was improved.