东亚儒家社群主义与西方自由主义——以中韩儒家社群主义为例

Confucian Communalism in East Asia and Liberalism in the West: A Case Study of Confucian Communalism in China and South Korea

东亚儒家的社会政治思想是以“社群主义”为价值取向的,它在历史上呈现为中国儒家与韩国儒学为代表的典型类型。其中,中国儒家社群主义以“四书学”作为其思想的核心内容,而韩国儒家社群主义则是以“礼学”为中心而展开的。这两种类型的社群主义尽管在历史形态上各有其不同的特征,却具有其作为东亚儒家社群主义的基本品格。在步入21世纪的今天,这种东亚式的儒家社群主义面临着两种发展前景:其一是挑战作为西方主流意识形态的自由主义,其二是转化为儒家自由主义。这两种可能性孰者更大?这主要不是一个理论问题,而是历史实践的问题。

The social and political ideas of the Confucian school in East Asia had'communalism'as the value orientation with the Confucian School in China and in South Korea as the representatives.The communalism of the Confucian School in China had'sishuxue'as the ideological core while that in South Korea had'lixue'as the center.Though they had different features of historical forms,they had the basic traits of the communalism of the Confucian School in East Asia.In the 21st century,they face two kinds of development,one being a challenge to liberalism as the main ideology in the West and the other being a transformation into Confucian liberalism.The result is more related to history than to theory.