正义城邦 和谐社会——论柏拉图《理想国》的和谐社会

On the Harmonious Society in Plato’s The Republic

柏拉图的《理想国》自始至终都贯穿着“正义”这条主线,围绕着国家正义和个人正义,柏拉图为我们描绘了一幅美好、和谐的社会画卷。在柏拉图看来,国家正义就各个等级各守其序,各司其职,正义本质上就是一种秩序和和谐。为了达到社会的统一和谐,实现国家的正义,柏拉图为他所构想的“理想国”确立了两个基本原则一个是哲学家执政,另一个是整体主义原则。这两个原则构成了柏拉图和谐社会的鲜明特征。

Justice is the thread of The Republic. Plato describes a happy and harmonious society by discussing justice of state and individuals. To Plato, justice of state means that every class abides by its order and fulfills its duties. The essence of justice is order and harmony. Individual justice, according to Plato, means the harmony of individual soul. It regulates individuals to control and restrain themselves in their souls and do every thing right. Besides, Plato set two principles for his ideal country： administration of country by philosophers and holism.