兰州市大气飘尘中有机物浓度的变化及其分布特征

The Concentration Variation and Its Distribution Characteristics of Organic Matter of Airborne Particulates in Lanzhou City

本文收集了兰州市区和郊区在取暖期和非取暖期的大气飘尘样品和汽车尾气及烟尘样品。对这些样品中有机物总量以及备馏分，即：饱和烃、芳香烃、非烃和沥青质进行了定量分析，结果表明：（１）大气飘尘中有机物浓度在取暖期高于非取暖期，且市区高于郊区；（２）通过对烟尘和汽车尾气样品中有机物各馏分浓度与兰州市区大气飘尘的样品各馏分浓度的比较，其结果是西团区受工业污染较为严重，盘旋路受汽车尾气的污染较为严重，铁路局受烟尘的污染较为严重；（３）兰州市整体污染主要受到燃煤、汽车排放的尾气和工业生产等污染，但具体某一季节或某一区域，这三者之间污染程度有一定的差异。

In this work, samples of airborne particulates,vent gas and smog dust during heating and non-heating seasons were collected in the urban and suburban areas of Lanzhou. After extraction and separation, four kinds of components, such as saturated hydrocarbons, aromatics,non-hydrocarbons and asphaltenes, were obtained. According to the quantitative analysis, the results are shown as follows:(1)In the airborne particulates the concentration of organic matter during heating seasons is higher than that during non-heating ones.(2) According to the concentration comparisosn of four kinds of organic components among the smog dust, vent gas and airborne particulate in Lanzhou, industrial pollution, vent gas and smog dust are the main sources in Xigu, Panxuanlu and Tieluju, respectively.(3) In a word, the pollution in Lanzhou is mainly attributed to burning of coal, vent gas and indutrial release, which contribute different percentages depending on the particular seasons or areas.