不同能量重离子注入农作物的诱变效应

EFFECTS OF HEAVY ION IMPLANTATION ON CROP MUTAGENESIS

用不同能量、不同注量的MeV级^12C离子束辐照玉米和冬小麦干种子，用MeV级^6O子束辐照冬小麦干种子，研宄其对M1代幼苗生长的影响和M2代的诱变效应。结果表明，在一定离子通量（注量）下，所用注入能量范围内的离子束对幼苗造成的辐射损伤随辐射能量的增加而增大。用12～16MeV／u的^12C离子束辐照玉米和8MeV／u ^16O离子柬辐照小麦，对M1代幼苗造成的辐射损伤比贯穿能量（45MeV／u）下的辐射损伤明显加重。^12C离子束可以诱发玉米产生植株矮化、雄性不育、白化苗、多穗型等多种类型变异，多数白化苗能够转绿并正常结实。^12C和^16O离子束诱发冬小麦产生的早熟和矮杆突变最多，^12C辐照冬小麦原冬6产生的早熟突变在辐照能量为8MeV／u、离子通量为80×10^7／cm^2时高达10．7％；矮秆突变在辐照能量为8MeV／u、离子通量为120×10^7／cm^2时高达7．59％。品种间的变异频率也存在差异。

^12C ions with different energy （in MeV level） and flux were implanted into dry seeds of corn and winter wheat. ^16O ions with different energy were implanted into dry seeds of winter wheat. The radiation damage of M1 generation seedling and mutagenic effects in M2 generation were studied. Results showed that within a certain energy level, radiation damage on M, seedling increased with the energy increasing when the integral flux was given. And radiation damage for ^12C ion beam with an energy of 12 - 16MeV/u in corn, and ^16O ion beam with an energy of 8MeV/u in wheat were obviously greater than that of ion beam with penetration energy（45 MeV/u）. The corn mutations induced by ^12C ion beam could generate various types, such as dwarf, male sterility, albino, muhi-ear, and most albinotic seedlings could turn to normal plants and set seeds. Earliness and dwarf were the most frequent mutations found in winter wheat induced by the two type of ions, and in winter wheat Yuandong 6, the earliness mutation frequency was up to 10.7% induced by ^12C ion beam with an energy at 8MeV/u and integral flux of 80 × 10^7/cm^2 , and dwarf mutation frequency reached 7.59% induced by an energy at 8MeV/u and integral flux of 120 × 10^7/ cm^2. Variations of mutation frequencies were found among varieties of corn and wheat.