科尔沁西部地区荒漠化土地植被恢复技术研究

Rehabilitation of desertified lands in western Horqin steppe

在科尔沁沙地西部对植物抗旱性、抗旱造林技术、沙丘植被恢复技术、退化草地改良技术进行了研究试验。抗旱生理的研究结果表明，差巴嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿比紫穗槐、胡枝子更适应干旱。对于杨树、山杏和樟子松，施用保水剂、固体水和在根际地表覆膜可分别提高造林成活率10％～30％。1．0m×1．0m的草方格在当地较适宜。如果综合利用生物措施和工程措施，固沙植物选择适当，在二、三年内就可将流沙固定。通过围栏封育、翻耙、补播、施肥、施用土壤改良剂等技术改良退化、碱化草场，平均产量提高2～4倍。施加氮肥明显提高了牧草蛋白质含量。改良后的草场土壤中蛋白酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、转化酶等总体上向良性发展。

This paper assessed the drought-resisting capacity of Artemisia halodendron, Caragana microphylla, Antorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza bicolor in western Horqin steppe, and approached the rehabilitation of desertified lands there. The results showed that A. halodedron and C. microphylla were more drought-resistant than A. fruticosa and L. bicolor. The application of water-conserving agent, solid water and film cover could increase the survival rate of planted trees by 10 % - 30 %. 1.0 m × 1.0 m straw eheckboard was appropriate in the local sand-stabilization practice, with the consideration of sand-stabilizing effects and cost. The combination of both mechanical and biological measurements could stabilize the sand dune in 2 - 3 years if sand binder was appropriate. Building enclosure, supplementary sowing, plough-harrowing, and applying fertilizer and soil-improving agent could ameliorate the degraded grassland, and raise the production by 2 - 4 times. Nitrogen fertilizer could raise the protein content of herbage. After the improvement of degraded grassland, an evident change in soil enzyme activities was detected, showing a good soil condition being built.