辽宁省重化工业地区公众的环境意识调查与评价

Investigation and assessment of public environmental awareness in heavy chemo-industrial areas of Liaoning Province.

公众环境意识对国家环境保护政策的制定与实施具有重要影响。辽宁省中部重化工业区公众环境意识水平的调查对象为5个城市的居民、决策者、教师、学生、企业职工与农民,主要调查内容包括公众对环境质量变化的评价、对所居住社区环境的满意程度、公众关注的环境问题、环境污染类型、环境污染和生态破坏的原因、造成地区环境质量差异的原因、对环境保护的认知程度及国家未来的发展目标等。调查表明,78.7%的公众认为环境质量同5年前相比明显好转;但65.3%的公众认为居住社区环境一般,公众对于环保经费的使用排序为垃圾处理>植树造林>建污水处理厂>改善空气质量。总体来看,多数公众缺乏必要的环境保护知识,对水体、食品污染的严重性普遍认识不足;居民环保意识差对环境质量改善具有明显制约作用;公众对环境意识宣传具有很强要求。本调查结果可为研究辽宁地区的环境保护、生态建设、经济可持续发展和政府部门制定各种环保政策法规提供依据。

Public environmental awareness is of significance in formulating and implementing the policies of national environmental protection. In this study, an environmental awareness survey was made in five heavy chemo-industrial cities of Liaoning Province. The target groups included residents, policy-decision makers, teachers, students, enterprise staffs and farmers, and the main survey contents were public evaluation on the changes of environmental quality, satisfaction degree on the environment of living communitics, environmental issues concerned about, types of environmental, pollution, origins of environmental pollution and ecological degradation, causes of the differences in regional environmental quality, and cognition levels of environmental protection and its national development objectives. The results showed that 78.7 % of the publics considered that the environmental quality was getting better during fast 5 years, but 65.3 % of them didn＇t satisfy their living environment. The publics held that the fund use for environmental protection should be in order of garbage disposal 〉 tree planting 〉 waste water treatment 〉 air quality control. The survey also demonstrated that most of the publics lacked of needful knowledge about environmental protection, and sufficient understanding on water and food contamination. The weak public environmental awareness had an adverse effect on the improvement of environmental quality, and the publics strongly called for the propaganda of environmental awareness. This study would provide bases to the administrations of Liaoning Province for regional environmental protection, ecological construction, sustainable economic development, and formulation of the policies and regulations on environmental protection.