基于生态足迹模型的延边林区可持续发展评价

Assessment of sustainable development in Yanbian forest region based on ecological footprint model.

生态足迹是评价可持续发展状况和能力的重要指标之一.本文以统计年鉴和林业年鉴为主要数据来源,对延边林区1996～2002年的生态足迹进行了计算和分析.结果表明,该区人均生态足迹逐年下降,人均生态承载力波动较小,而人均生态盈余逐年增长.人均万元GDP生态足迹逐年递减,同西部地区相当,而明显高于东部.人均林地生态足迹变化平稳,天然林保护工程实施前后林地生产足迹和林地出口足迹的平均值分别降低了0.341和0.327 hm^2·人^-1,降幅分别为46.32%和54.94%.延边区域和林业的发展是可持续的,天然林保护工程的实施有助于增强其可持续发展能力,但同林业发达国家相比,仍有很大差距.依靠科技,提高单位面积林地产量和资源利用率,合理经营和管理森林生态系统是今后的工作重点.

Ecological footprint （EF） is one of the most important indicators in assessing sustainable development status and capacity. In this paper, the EF of Yanbian forest region was calculated and analyzed lay using the statistical yearbooks and forest yearbooks from 1996 to 2002. The results showed that throughout the study period, the EF per capita decreased, ecological carrying capacity （ECC） per capita almost had no change, and ecological surplus per capita increased. The EF per 104 yuan GDP per capita of Yanbian, which decreased from 1996 to 2002, was similar with that in western China, and distinctly higher than that in eastern China. The forestland EF kept a steady status, while the forest production footprint （FPF） and forest export footprint （FEF） decreased. After the irnplementation of Natural Forest Protection Program （NFPP）, the mean value of FPF and FEF reduced by 0. 341 and 0. 327 hm^2· cap^- 1 （46.32 % and 54.94 % ）, respectively. In conclusion, the regional and forest development in Yanbian were sustainable, and the implementation of NFPP was favorable to the improvement of sustainable development capacity. However, the development capacity was still lower than those in forest-developed countries. Therefore, it is very necessary to improve forest productivity and resource use efficiency, and to scientifically manage forest ecosystems in the future.