论中国政府层级改革与农村行政管理体制新架构

On the Reform of Streamlining the Hierarchical Levels of Chinese Government and Establishing a New Framework of Administration in the Rural Areas

改革开放以来的4次政府机构改革,都是侧重于从横向调整政府的部门设置,但却没有从纵向减少政府的层级设置。而目前我国“地区”一级建制逐渐演变成了实体型政府,其工作重心也转向城市建设与市政管理;过去由议事、决策、行政、司法、财政为一体的县级行政体系被肢解,逐渐形成了“双重衙门体制;”乡镇政府又长期处于责任大、权利小、效率低的被动施政状态;村民自治也一直受到了地方行政权力的制约,且缺乏必要的经费保障,结果是造成乡村社会出现了管理上的“权力真空”。因此,中国下一步应按“撤地、强县、精乡、实村”的整体改革思路,撤消“地区”建制,强化县级政府功能,精简乡镇的政府机构和人员,充实村民自治必要的经费供给,建立和完善适合社会主义市场经济体制和中国国情的地方行政体制和农村公共财政制度,不断提高社会管理和服务水平。

Since the implementation of reform and opening policy Chinese government has gone through four major structural changes with focus placed on horizontal adjustment of departments and institutions but the vertical layers of organizations remain unchanged. As the traditional one-level prefecture structure evolves into a substantive module in which the work priority is shifted to urban construction and municipal management, the former county administration which integrates the functions of deliberation, decision-making, executive and judicial responsibilities as well as fiscal budget management begins to disintegrate and develops into what is known as the dual governing system. As a result, the village and township administrations, with heavy responsibility and little autonomy and under excessive restrictions from the local government, have been running with low efficiency due to shortage of funds, thus resulting in the so-called＂ management vacuum＂ . Therefore, the next step in the structural reform should be in line with the idea of ＂ cancellation of the prefecture, enhancement of the county, and strengthening of the village so as to strengthen the function of the county government, streamline the institutions by reducing the overstaff, substantively increase the funds for the village autonomy, establish a local administrative system and rural public fiscal regime suited to the specific conditions of China and constantly improve the work of community management and service.