区域农地市场发育对农户水土保持行为的影响及其空间差异——基于生态脆弱区江西省兴国县、上饶县、余江县村域农户调查的分析

Impact of Rural Land Market on Farm Household's Behavior of Soil & Water Conservation and Its Regional Difference: A Case Study of Xingguo,Shangrao,and Yujiang County in Jiangxi Province Ecologically Vulnerable Districts

分析农户水土保持决策过程、建立农户水土保持决策的两阶段概念模型,从理论上分析了土地市场对农户水土保持的影响.运用在江西省兴国县、上饶县和余江县的样本村农户调查资料,通过建立土地流转与农户水土保持相互关系模型,运用Heckman的两阶段法对模型参数进行了估计.运用模型估计结果,分析土地流转对农户水土保持决策的影响并且对其区域差异进行了探讨.结果表明:从全部样本来看,农户是否意识到水土流失问题的存在以及家庭土地税费负担量对农户是否采取水土保持决策有显著影响;在兴国县,土地流入面积和费用2个因素对水土保持决策有显著影响;在余江县土地流入面积和费用也有影响显著,并且土地流入面积对农户水土保持投入的影响更强,而且土地流出面积在余江也有显著影响;上饶县,土地流出面积有显著影响.在全部样本、兴国县以及余江县,土地流出收益对农户水土保持决策的影响都不显著.最后,就进一步推进区域水土流失治理促进土地持续利用提出了相关建议.

The paper analyzed the farm households＇ decision making progress of soll ＆ water conservation and its two-stage conceptual model. It also discussed the impacts of rural land market on the farm households＇ behavior of soil ＆ water conservation. Given that, the article established models for the relations between the land market and soil ＆ water conservation, and the models＇ parameters were estimated with Hcckman＇s two-stage approach by using the farm household questionnaires in Xingguo, Shangrao and Yujiang counties of Jiangxi province. The paper analyzed the impact of rural land market on farm household＇ s behavior of soil ＆ water conservation and its regional difference with the result of model estimation. The results show that the perception of soil ＆ water loss and the tax ＆ fee on the farm land have significant influence upon the soil and water conservation from the view of the population; however, because of different social and economic condition, and soil ＆ water loss, there arc differences of the influence among the three sample counties. These differences go as follows in detail ： In Xingguo County, the rent-in land area and its cost have remarkable effect on the farm households＇ soil ＆ water conservation behavior; In Yujiang County, the rent-in land area, rent-in cost and rentout land area remarkably influence the farm households＇ behavior of soil and water conservation, with the influence of the rent-in land area being greater than Xingguo County; In Shangrao County, only rent-out land area has significant influence on the behaviors of soil ＆ water conservation; In all samples, Xingguo County and Yujiang County samples, the rent-out income has no significant influence on the farm household＇s decision-making behavior soil and water conservation. Finally, the paper put forward some suggestions on how to bring the soil ＆ water loss under control and use land resource in sustainable ways.