核武器与美国对朝鲜战争的政策

Nuclear Weapons and the United States Policy with regard to the Korean War

朝鲜战争时期,美国政府借助核优势,对中朝方面几次发出核威胁,力图改变战场上的不利局面,实现有利于自己的和平。美国的核威慑不仅没有改变战场上的局面,也未能挽回美国的败局,却使自己陷入进退两难的尴尬境地。由于受到国内、国际诸多因素的制约,美国在使用核武器方面不能不有所顾忌。最终,只能通过谈判解决问题。所谓美国的“核威慑”导致了朝鲜停战不过是美国决策者自欺欺人的一个“神话”而已。朝鲜战争再次表明了核威慑的限度。

During the Korean War, the US government used of its nuclear advantage to threaten China and Korea with nuclear weapons in an effort to reverse its inferior position in the war and seek a peace in its favor. However, its nuclear threats failed to change the situation on the field of battle and could not keep the US from losing the war. On the contrary, the effort only dragged the US into an awkward dilemma with no easy way out. Faced with a number of domestic and international constraints on the use of nuclear weapons, the US could not but have misgivings, and ended up having to resolve the issue through negotiation. The idea that the US nuclear threat brought about the cease-fire in Korea is nothing more than a myth invented by the US decision-makers to deceive the world and themselves. The Korean War provides yet another proof of the limited effects of the nuclear threat.