论环境侵权中风险责任的确立

Observation of the Establishment of Risk Duty in the Tort to Environment

基于环境侵害具有潜伏性和不可逆转性的特点,以损害实际发生为归责前提的过错责任和无过错责任原则在环境侵权中的适用无法体现环境保护“预防为主”的思想。风险责任进入环境侵权归责体系则可以较好地解决这一问题,但风险责任的适用必须解决权利主体和义务主体的特定化问题、损害预防和经济发展的矛盾问题以及风险责任本身在侵权行为法中的立法体例问题。

Because the damage to environment is latent and irreversible, the principles of erring duty and unerring duty cannot embody the idea of ＂prophylaxis first＂ . This paper suggests the establishment of risk duty may solve this problem well. But in order to use risk duty, we must clear up three questions： the designated man of right and duty, the contradiction of preventing against damage and economical development and the legislation style.