现实主义流变的美学意蕴

The Aesthetic Meaning of Realism

美学史上的现实主义,无论作为方法、思潮还是观念,都有着极为深远的影响。随着20世纪社会和文化发生巨大变化,现实主义内涵的游移不定与外在形态的弹性发展相互作用并连在一起,构成了“现实主义现象”。考察其中的几个主要文艺思潮或流派可以发现:一方面,现实及人们对于现实观念的变化必然体现在艺术中并对艺术产生影响,艺术文本的生成离不开现实生活;另一方面,艺术文本自身具有现实指向性,它必须以独有方式介入现实生活,才能实现艺术的价值。由此,它们共同称作或被称作的“现实主义”,能够作为我们探究艺术的一个维度。

Realism in the history of aesthetics, whether as a method, a trend of thought or a concept, had an exceedingly far-reaching influence. With the tremendous social and cultural changes in the 20th century, the vacillation of realism＇s connotation and the elastic development of its external form are connected and interact on each other, constituting a peculiar view which we call ＂the phenomenon of realism＂ . And a thorough investigation of those art and literary trends of thought or schools will show that, on the one hand, the changes of reality and people＇s conceptions of reality are bound to find their way into and exert influences on art, and the formation of the artistic text cannot do without the real life; on the other hand, the artistic text itself is reality-oriented and it has to merge into the real life in some special way so as to realize the value of art. Therefore, the ＂realism＂ that they together refer to or are referred to as, can in fact be used as a dimension of our art study.