二十世纪美国联邦制的发展——以联邦与州的分权为视角

Development of American Federalism in the Twentieth Century——From a perspective of the division of power between federation and state

以联邦与州的权力分配为视角,20世纪美国联邦制的发展可分为三个阶段。研究其在20世纪不同时期的发展演变,可考察联邦与州目前的权力分配状况,从而总结出20世纪美国联邦体制有不断集中的趋势,其中“新政”对其变化起着关键的作用,联邦自身权力在增大,扩大权力的手段也在多样化,各州正日益成为联邦的重要合作者和执行人。

From a perspective of the division between the federation and state, the development of American federalism in the twentieth century can be grouped to three stages. A study of this can lead to a series of findings： there is an ever-centralizing tendency of American federalism in the 20th century; ＂New Deal＂ plays a crucial role in the development of federalism; with the growing of power in the federation and the increasing variety of power expanding means, the states are becoming an important collaborator and executor of the federation.