近代欧洲早期农业革命考察

Early Agricultural Revolution in Modern Europe

在17、18世纪之际的“农业革命”发生之前,欧洲农业生产就已出现了许多关键性的技术进步,可把16、17世纪的这种进步称为“早期农业革命”,而14、15世纪则可视为早期农业革命的准备阶段。通过对中世纪欧洲农业的低技术起点,14、15世纪的农业技术进步,16、17世纪的早期农业革命等三方面的考察,我们发现欧洲农业技术进步中的连续性特点远超过其突变性。

There were much progresses of agriculture in Europe from 14th to 17th century. Thus we may take two centuries, i. e., the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as a period of Early Agricultural Revolution, and the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as the foundation stage of this revolution. This article examines the low level of agricultural technology in Medieval Europe, the technological progresses of agriculture in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the Early Agricultural Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries. It suggests that the technological progress of traditional agriculture was acquired continuously other than suddenly.