定州《论语》分章考

Research of Chapter Divisions On"The Analects of Confucius"in Dingzhou

河北定县八角廊汉简《论语》之性质约有二说,李学勤先生以其为《齐论》,刘来成、单承彬先生则认为是《鲁论》。实际上,王素先生已经指出,由于郑氏注本以及传本或今本都是融合本,谁也没有见过真正的《齐论》和《鲁论》,根据这种比较是无法确定简本《论语》的性质的。王素先生认为简本分章一般较今本为少,从而否定简本为《齐论》说。但考今本章数,三十章以上凡六篇,而简本虽已残缺,其残存的十枚章数简高于三十章者即有五简,简本最高章数四十七章也高于《集解》本最高章数四十四章。因此,王素先生根据古书《齐论》章数多于《鲁论》的记载所判定的简本和今本《论语》归属,恰恰是南辕北辙。有学者认为汉代《论语》文本的出现都是在《古论》发现之后,本文不能赞同。武帝时经学出现由齐转鲁的倾向,以《鲁论》为主,融合《齐论》的文本应在张禹之前就已出现。因此,八角廊汉简《论语》很可能是与古、齐、鲁三家《论语》并行而内容互有同异的一种文本。

There are two opinions on the character of＂The Analects of Confucius＂ found in the Octagon Corridor, Henan province. Professor Li Xue-qin holds it to be a Qi Version , while Professor Liu Lai-cheng and Chan Cheng-bin consider it to be a Lu Version. In fact, Professor Wang Su has pointed out that, the annotated version by Zheng Xuan and the current version are both mixed versions, because no one has ever seen the true Qi Version and Lu Version, the character of the simplified version cannot be definite by such a comparison. Professor Wang Su thinks that the Chapter Divisions in the simplified version is less than that in the current version, and then defies that the simplified version is a Qi version. But a research on the chapters in the current version found it that there are only six parts involving more than 30 chapters. Although the simplified version is lost and uncompleted, there are five in the ten bamboo slips having more than 30 chapters, and the 47 chapters in the simplified version is more than 44 chapters in the＂Ji jie＂version. So, the conclusion draw by Professor Wang Su from the quantities of the chapters in the Qi Version and the Lu version is contrary. Some scholars believe that the texts of＂The Analects of Confucius＂ in Han Dynasty occurred after the discovery of the old Analects, but the author doubts it. In the period of the emperor Liu Che, a trend changing from Qi to Lu version had began, and there must had been a mixed version in emphasis of Lu version before Zhang Yu. Therefore, the Han bamboo slips of＂The Analects of Confucius＂found in the Octagon Corridor is probably a text in parallel with the old, Qi and Lu versions, while has both similarities and differences in content.