中国古建筑结构力学研究进展

ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL MECHANICS OF CHINESE ANCIENT ARCHITECTURES

中国古代建筑是中国古代文化的宝贵遗产。力学的多样性也反映在古建筑结构力学研究。西安交通大学从1982年开始,对以西安明代箭楼、城楼和宁波宋代保国寺等国家重点保护文物为代表的木结构建筑,以唐代大雁塔、小雁塔等国家重点保护文物为代表的古代高层建筑,和以国家重点保护文物西安古城墙为代表的砖-土结构以及钟楼、鼓楼等中国城市的代表性古建筑的结构力学特性进行了一系列研究。得到关于古建筑结构(如斗拱、结构非线性、榫卯节点的接触力学特性、地宫、古代夯土、古塔基础、古城墙等)力学特性的新认识。本文对此进行小结,同时也介绍近年来的其它学者的一些研究。

Chinese ancient architectures are valuable heritage of ancient culture of China. Many historical buildings have been preserved up to now. The researches on the structural mechanics of ancient architectures show the different aspects of mechanics since 1982. It is related with the need Sys of tematical studies have been carrived out in Xi＇an Jiaotong University repair of some national preservation relics in Xi＇an. These studies include： 1, Ancient wooden structures including three national preservation relics： Arrow Tower at North City Gate, City Tower at East City Gate in Xi＇an and Baogao Temple at Ningbao. 2, Ancient tall masonry building, the Big Goose Pagoda and Small Goose Pagoda foundation and city wall; the influence of caves in in Xi＇an. 3, Mechanical characteristics of ancient soil under and under the ancient city wall on the stability of the wall; 4, The typical Chinese ancient building at the center of the city： the Bell Tower and Drum Tower, These researches also concern the behavior of ＂Dougong＂ and Joggle joint of wooden structures, foundation of pagoda; differential settlements of Arrow Tower and the resistance to earthquake of these historical architecture heritages. Some other studies are also introduced, This paper gives a summary of these researches Preservation and research are nowadays an essential requirement for the famous monuments, buildings towers and others. Our society is more and more conscious of this necessity, which involves increasing activities of restoration, and then solnetimes also of repair, mechanical strengthening and seismic retrofitting. Many historical buildings have in fact problems of structural strength and stability; the need for further studies on structural mechanics and materials is definitely growing.