分层流体中运动源生成的内波研究进展

ADVANCES IN INTERNAL WAVES DUE TO MOVING BODY IN STRATIFIED FLUID SYSTEMS

针对两类密度分布模型——连续分层流体和间断分层流体,综述了在运动潜体生成的Kelvin型和非Kelvin型内尾迹研究方面的现状,内容侧重于运动源生成内波的解析理论和分层拖曳水槽中内尾迹实验方面的研究成果。介绍了在连续分层流体中运动源生成的Kelvin型非线性内波的一般方程和在间断分层流体中Kelvin型内波的势流分析的一般方法；概述了运动源诱生的先锋内孤立子、代数孤立子和平孤立波3类特殊非线性内波的研究进展,其中运动潜体生成的平孤立内波被作者实验证实是一类极限孤立波,并首次建立了共轭流动模型予以描述；综合分析了在密度线性分布流体中潜体运动生成内波的动力学过程多样性特征,其中包括内尾迹近场和远场的时空结构、不稳定结构、涡旋与湍流耦合结构以及湍流与内波相互作用结构等。

This article presents a brief review of the research work on both the Kelvin-wake and the non- Kelvin-wake generated by a submerged body moving, respectively, in continuous and discontinuous density stratification systems. The review lays the emphasis on analytical results and related experimental work in a stratified tank. The general governing equation for the non-Kelvin-wake in the continuously stratified fluid and the potential-flow analysis for the Kelvin-wake in the discontinuously stratified fluid are outlined. Three special internal waves, i.e., source, are describe the precursor soliton, algebraic solitary wave and flat solitary wave, induced by a moving d, in which the internal flat solitary wave is shown to be a typical limiting solitary wave in experiments by the authors and then is first formulated by a conjugate flow model. The complicated dynamical characteristics in the internal wave generation due to a moving body in a linearly-distributed density fluid are summarized, including space-time structures at near and far fields of wakes, instabilities, coupled configurations between vortex and turbulence and interactions between internal wave and turbulence.