对社区中老年人骨质疏松症的健康教育效果评价

Evaluation on effect of health education for middle-aged and senile patients with osteoporosis in community

[目的]评价社区中老年骨质疏松症(OP)病人实施不同的健康教育效果。[方法]采用便利抽样法选取50岁以上的社区中老年OP病人193人作为研究对象,按学历和年龄分层随机分为3组,教育组给予发放资料、讲座和当面指导;资料组给予书面资料指导;第3组为空白对照。参考有关文献自行设计“OP相关的生活方式和预防行为调查表”,在干预前后进行调查。[结果]健康教育组对提高OP知识、健康信念和自我效能有效,且优于资料组和对照组。教育组日照、活动、饮用牛奶、运动行为改善优于其他两组,但总体不明显。[结论]对社区中老年OP病人,资料教育不宜作为唯一的健康教育手段,中老年OP病人更适合当面指导。OP相关健康行为的促进是一个长期的过程,需要广泛开展社区护理,多方合作,才能达到目的。

Objective： To assess the effect of carrying out health education for middle- aged and senile osteoporosis （OP） patients in community. Method： A total of 193 middle - aged and senile cases over 50 years old in community were selected and divided into 3 groups based on convenient sampling. Patients of education group were offered information, a course of lectures and face - to- face guidance. Patients of data group were given some data in papers only. The third group cases were just as control. All cases were investigated before and after intervention by filling out ＂OP related life style and preventative behavior questionnaire＂ that designed based on related references. Result： It was effective to enhance OP knowledge, belief about health and self - efficiency of cases in the education group and was superior to both data group and control group cases. In terms of daily sunlight time, milk drinking and motor behavior improvement, cases of education group were superior to the other two groups cases. But there was no obvious difference among the three groups. Conclusion： For middle - aged and senile OP cases in community, health education via data could not be only way of health education. And face - to- face guidance would be more suitable for them. And the promotion of OP related knowledge for these cases is in a long run, which needs to unfold community care widely and cooperation of versatility so as to achieve the aim.