干细胞与中医基础理论中的先天之精学说(英文)

Stem cells and congenital essence of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine

背景:探讨与干细胞相关的中医学基础理论,试图为中医基础理论现代化研究提供一个新的结合点。方法:将干细胞的特性与中医理论中的精学说进行比较分析。结果:干细胞是一类具有自我更新与增殖分化能力的细胞,能产生表现型与基因型和自己完全相同的子细胞。干细胞还具有可塑性,能跨胚层转分化。干细胞在组织工程、治疗组织坏死性疾病及作为基因治疗的载体等方面有巨大的应用价值。根据干细胞的研究进展,发现从精的先天与后天两大来源,以及精的繁衍生殖、生长发育、生髓化血、濡养脏腑四大功能角度看,精与干细胞都有较大的相关性,尤其是先天之精,它与干细胞直接相关。从精的来源角度,先天之精,即禀受于父母的生殖之精。来自父母的精子与卵子结合而成的受精卵,此即全能干细胞,故先天之精内涵包括全能干细胞内的全部遗传物质及其蕴藏的种属特异的发育信息。从功能角度,精的繁衍生殖功能由生殖干细胞完成;生长发育功能,与基因控制为主的成体干细胞的增殖分化机制相关;生髓功能,与骨髓腔内骨髓干细胞及脑髓中神经干细胞相关,主骨功能,与骨髓间充质干细胞相关,化血功能,完全由造血干细胞执行。结论:干细胞与先天之精密切相关,同时新的学术观点被提出:干细胞具先天之精属性,是先天之精在细胞层次的存在形式。

BACKGROUND： To discuss the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） related to stem cell for a try to offer a new combining site for the modernization research of the basic theory of TCM, METHODS： Comparatively analyzing the characteristic of stem cells and the essence theory in TCM. RESULTS： Stem cells have the capacity for both self-renewal and differentiation and can produce the daughter cells with the same phenotype and genotype as themselves. Stem cells have the plasticity that a stem cell may differentiate into cells other than the lineages to which it is committed, and therefore, is also termed transdifferentiation. So it is of great value for stem cell application in tissue engineering, curing tissue-damaged diseases and as the vector for transgene therapy. We compared the character of stem cells with essence theory, an elementary and important part of the basic theory of TCM, and found that stem cells are related greatly to essence, according to its two origin, congenital essence and acquired essence, and four kinds of functions of essence, which are controlling reproduction, controlling growth and development, manufacturing marrow and transforming blood; nourishing and moistening the zangfu-organs. Furthermore, stem cells especially have direct connected with the congenital essence which is slored in the kidneys. Congenital essence is the reproductive essence accepted from parents. Sperm and ovum merge to be oosperm, that is just the totipotent stem cell. The connotative meanings of congenital essence include all germ plasm and the special developing message of a genus in the oosperm. Genital stem cells are in charge of the function of controlling reproduction of congenital essence. Growth and development function is related to the proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells controlled by gene. Manufacturing marrow function has relation with bone marrow stem cells and neural stem cells （NSC） in medullary cavity in which contains bone marrow, spinal cord and brain. Dominating bones function of the kidneys is related to mescnchymal stem cells （MSC）, and hematopoietic stem cells （HSC） execute the function of producing blood completely. CONCLUSION： We consider that stem cells have a close relation with the congenital essence, and we put forward a new viewpoint in this research that stem cells have the same prperties of congenital essence, and they are existence formation of congenital essence in cell level.