论绿色标签的价格效应和环保效果

本文探讨绿色标签的价格效应和环保效果。采用的市场结构为:消费者和生产者各分为两类:一类是环保者,另一类是非环保者。生产者是价格接受者。本文的结论如下:由于绿色标签类似于公共产品的供给,存在外部性,它的环保效果依赖于市场中环保消费者的比例和他们的环保意识。若该比例大且消费者的环保意识强,则环保产品增值大且环保效果好,否则反而刺激非环保产品的需求增加,污染环境。此外,绿色标签不是帕累托改进管理工具,总有一部分人的福利受损;在国际贸易中,和贸易禁止、高环保标准等制度相比,自愿的绿色标签制度能缓和贸易冲突,提高社会福利。

This paper discusses on the price effect and environmental effect of ecolabeling. In certain cases, eco- labehng could lead to adverse effect on the environment. In every society there are some consumers who are concerned about environmental problems and others who are not. The differentiation of products due to labeling may lead to increase sales of products made by both environment- friendly and environment unfriendly methods. Though the introduction of eco - labeling is not Pareto Improvement, it is able to be seen as alternative to more trade - restrictive environmental policies, such as import bans.