植物与昆虫化学生态学研究现状与展望

Study situation and prospects of the plant and insect chemical ecology

植物次生代谢物和昆虫信息素是化学生态学中的重要研究内容.自1959年人类从雌蚕中分离、鉴定了第一个昆虫性信息素———蚕醇以来,昆虫信息素的研究迅猛发展,极大地推动了植物化学生态学的发展.诸多的研究揭示了昆虫对环境的适应能力在于种内发达的通讯和寻找寄主的能力;植物面对环境胁迫和种间竞争的机制是体内合成次生代谢物作为防御和通讯的工具;植物和昆虫之间也存在着交互作用的化学关系.植物和昆虫化学生态的研究,已成为农林牧病虫害防治的理论依据和发展方向.化学生态学所涉及的生物活性物质是开发生物农药的源泉.概述了植物次生代谢物和昆虫信息素在农业上的研究、应用及发展前景.阐明在生态农业安全条件下,通过利用自然界生物间的这种化学作用规律,对于提高农业产量和对有害生物控制方面具有的重要意义.

The plant secondary metabolite and the insect semiochemical are the important research field in chemical ecology. Since the first insect pheromones-silkworm alcohol was separated from the female silkworm and identified it in 1959, the research of insect pheromone had been developed swiftly and violently, which impelled the development of phytochemistry ecology greatly. A lot of research revealed that the insect adaptability to the environment lied in the intraspecific developed communication and the ability of seeking host. The mechanism of plant facing the environment stress and the interspecific competition was the synthesis of secondary metabolite in vivo which as the tool of defense and communication. Between the plant and the insect also existed the interaction chemistry relations. The research of plant and insect chemiecology has become the theory basis and the development direction of the control diseases and insect pests. The biological activity matter involving in chemi-ecology was the source of exploiting the biopesticide. In this paper,the application and the development of the plant secondary compound and the insect semiochemical in agriculture were outlined. Using this chemical action rule of biology in nature had vital significance in enhancing the agricultural output and achieving to control the harmful biology actively under the ecological agriculture security.