高低角型女童颅面部软组织侧貌水平向生长变化的纵向研究

Longitudinal study of soft tissue profile horizontal growth changes in low and high facial skeletal patterns in females from 9 to 18 years old

目的观察高低角型女童颅面部软组织侧貌在水平方向的生长变化。方法根据Bjork前颅基底稳定结构重迭法,头影测量20名女童在自然头势状态下9、12、15和18岁的X线头颅定位侧位片,统计分析颅面部软组织侧貌Ga、N’、Nasal、Sn、A’、Ls、Li、B’、Pg’及Gn’各点至垂直平面(Pr-VER)的水平向距离变化以及上下唇至美学平面(E-line)的垂直距离变化。结果①Pg’和Gn’与Pr点之间的水平距离在9～18岁期间未见显著变化,说明颏部软组织向前生长移动的速度接近于鼻尖部。②Ga、N’、Nasal、Sn、A’、Ls、Li、B’点与Pr-VER的水平距离以及Ls和Li至E-line距离在9～18岁期间随年龄增加而加大,说明上下唇及额部软组织向前生长移动的速度慢于鼻部及颏部。③除高角型女童在各阶段Pg’点至Pr-VER距离大于低角型,上下唇至E-line距离小于低角型外,其他测量值高低角型之间差异无显著性。④高低角型青少年儿童在9～18岁期间各测量项目的变化值之间差异无显著性。结论高、低角型女童在颅面部软组织侧貌生长变化方面差异无显著性,均表现为颏部及鼻部向前生长移动快于唇部及额部。

Objective To compare the horizonral growth change of soft tissue profile between the high facial skeletal pattern （HFSP） and the low facial skeletal pattern （ LFSP）. Methods The material consisted of nature head posture lateral cephalograms of 20 subjects, taken at 9, 12,15, 18 years old. Serial cephalometric roentgenograms were traced upon the superimposition method based on the ＂best fit＂ of anterior cranial base structures. Twelve variables for female facial soft tissue profile growth change between two facial types were measured and analyzed. Results ①Pg＇ and Gn＇ to Pr-VER distances remained relatively srable over time （ P 〉 0.05）, which demonstrated that the chin showed the same amount of forward growth with nose. ② Ga, N＇, Nasal, Sn, A＇, Ls, Li and B＇ to Pr-VER distances inereased in pace with age, which meant lip and forehead showed less amount of forward growth than chin and nose.③ The upper and lower lips to E-line distances for HFSP was shorter than LFSP, Pg＇ to Pr-VER distance was longer than LFSP at every stage. The others showed no significant difference between two faeial types. ④ There were no significant differences over the age period from 9 to 18 years old for the ineremental change of all measure parameters between two facial types. Conclusion No significant differences between the high facial skeletal pattern （HFSP） and the low facial skeletal pattern （LFSP） with respect to growth change of facial soft tissue profile were found. The nose and chin showed more forward growth movement than lip and forehead.