紫茎泽兰迹地上不同替代植物群落植物多样性的变化

Plant diversity of different replaced communities after Eupatorium adenophorum removal.

对20世纪80年代初期在云南双柏县紫茎泽兰迹地上人工营建的3类替代植物群落的结构、物种组成与多样性进行了调查，并与当地未受紫茎泽兰危害的云南松天然老龄林和未经治理的紫茎泽兰群落进行了比较．结果表明。3个替代群落木本植物物种丰富度指数为25～28，Shannon—Wiener指数为1．06-2．34。Simpson指数为0．36～0．86，Pielous均匀度指数为0．32～0．73；草本植物的多样性指数分别为6-8、1．51～1．97、0．74～0．84、0．84-0．90．明显高于未经治理的紫茎泽兰地的多样性指数．经过20年的恢复和保护，各个替代植物群落林木生长良好，林分郁闭度和植物多样性明显提高．替代群落中又以云南松＋木荷＋兰桉群落多样性最大．但是，现阶段这些替代植物群落多样性仍低于云南松天然老龄林．因此，对这些人工恢复的替代植物群落。特别是云南松人工林。在加强保护的同时，虚注意引进、培育乡土阔叶植物和一些乡土的喜阴草本植物种类，提高群落物种多样性，促进紫茎泽兰迹地上人工重建植被的进一步恢复和持续发展．

In this paper, an investigation on the structure, species composition and plant diversity of replaced communities after the removal of invasive E. adenophorum at the beginning of 1980s was made in the Shuangbo County of Yunnan Province, with local aged Pinus yunnanensis and unmanaged E. adenophorum forests as the reference. The results showed that in replaced communities, the richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou evenness indices values of woody species were 25 - 28, 1.06 - 2.34, 0, 36 - 0.86 and 0.32 - 0.73, and those of herb species were 6-8, 1.51 - 1.97, 0.74 - 0.84 and 0.84 -0.90, respectively. In unmanaged E. adenophorum community, the corresponding indices values of woody species were 3, 0.14, 0.10 and 0.13, and those of herb species were 3, 0.09, 0.03 and 0.08, respectively, being much lower than those of the replaced communities. The replaced communities dominated by fast-growing tree species in E. adenophorum forest developed through a 20 years rehabilitation period, under which, there was a clear understory layer dominated by native species. The density and growth rate of E .adenophorum was inhibited in the replaced communities, in comparison with the E. adenophorum community, the plant diversity of replaced communities was greatly increased. Among the replaced communities, P. yunnanensis ＋ Schima waUichii ＋ Eucalyptus globules community had the greatest plant diversity, but the replaced communities had lower plant diversity than the aged P, yunnanensis, with 42, 2.88, 0.92 and 0.77 for woody species, and 8, 2.08, 0.86 and 0.90 for herb species, respectively. It was suggested that more attention should be paid to conserve the rehabilitated communities, especially the P. yunnanensis plantation built on the degraded lands invaded by E. adenophorum. In addition, the introduction of local broad-leaved species and some shade-loving herb plants into these plantations and its follow-up management were also important for the sustainable development of the revegetation.