中国2002年省域生态足迹分析

Provincial ecological footprint of China in the year of 2002.

采用中国实际单产法计算和分析了2002年中国各省市生态足迹及其构成,发现各省市生态足迹及其构成差异较大,其中人均耕地足迹由陕西的0.078 hm2增加到北京的0.126 hm2,人均草地足迹由江西的0.020 hm2增加到西藏的0.372 hm2,人均林地足迹由贵州的0.020 hm2增加到北京的0.209 hm2,人均水域足迹由西藏的0.001 hm2增加到上海的0.011 hm2,人均建筑用地足迹由贵州的0.013 hm2增加到内蒙古的0.054 hm2,人均化石能源足迹由广西的0.251 hm2增加到山西的2.854 hm2.东部、南部省市各地类多处于生态赤字状态,北部、西部省市各地类多处于生态盈余状态.从生态足迹、人均GDP和万元GDP足迹的相互关系来看,各地区存在较大的差异,如人均生态足迹为1 hm2.cap-1的省份包括福建、河南、四川、安徽、云南、陕西和贵州,其人均GDP由福建的1.35万元降至贵州的0.3万元,而万元GDP足迹却由福建的0.74 hm2增至贵州的3.51 hm2.因此,要缓解中国资源短缺与经济发展之间的矛盾,要首先从人均生态足迹大、经济发展落后、万元GDP足迹高的省市入手,改变其经济增长方式和产业结构,使经济的发展对资源的依赖性逐渐降低,提高资源利用效率,提高其足迹经济产出率,大力发展经济,实现生态、资源、经济的可持续发展.

Based on the calculation of actual yield per unit area in 2002, this paper analyzed the ecological footprint and its composition of each province in China. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the ecological footprint and its composition among different provinces, e. g., cropland changed from 0. 078 hm^2·cap^-1 in Shaanxi to 0. 126 hm^2·cap^-1 in Beijing, grazing land changed from 0. 020 hm^2·cap^-1 in Jiangxi to 0. 372hm^2·cap^-1 in Xizang, foresdand changed from 0. 020 hm^2·cap^-1 in Guizhou to 0. 209 hm^2·cap^-1 in Beijing, fishery area changed from 0. 001 hm^2·cap^-1 in Xizang to 0. 011 hm^2·cap^-1 in Shanghai, built- up area changed from 0. 013 hm^2·cap^-1 in Guizhou to 0. 045 hm^2·cap^-1 in Neimenggu, and fossil energy changed from 0. 251 hm^2·cap^-1 in Guangxi to 2. 854 hm^2·cap^-1 in Shanxi. The eastern and southern provinces were mostly in a state of ecological deficit, while the western and northern provinces were mostly in a state of ecological remainder. As for the relationships among ecological footprint, economic development and technological progress, great difference existed in different provinces, e. g., the ecological footprint was about 1 hm^2·cap^-1 in Fujian, Henan, Sichuan, Anhui, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Guizhou, while the GDP per capita changed from 1.35 ×10^4 yuan in Fujian to 0.3× 10^4 yuan in Guizhou, and the ecological footprint per 1×10^4 yuan GDP changed from 0.74 hm^2 in Fujian to 3.51 hm^2 in Guizhou. Therefore, to resolve the conflicts between the shortage of natural resources and the economic development of China, emphasis should be put on the provinces with big ecological footprint per capita, low GDP per capita, and high ecological footprint per 1 ×10^4 yuan GDP. In these provinces, economic growth mode and industrial structure should be changed, dependence of economy on natural resources should be decreased, use efficiency and economic output of natural resources should be improved, and ecological, resources and economic sustainability should be realized.