胶州湾大型底栖动物生物多样性现状

The species diversity of macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay

根据自1998年2月至2001年11月对胶州湾的10个站15个航次(每季度月一次)的大型底栖动物分布状况调查资料,报道了胶州湾大型底栖生物物种多样性现状,采用了香农威纳指数、物种丰富度指数以及物种均匀度指数对胶州湾大型底栖生物的群落结构、种类组成、优势种以及数量动态趋势进行了分析。本次调查共采到底栖动物322种,其中多毛类44科133种,甲壳动物42科92种,棘皮动物仅有14种。各站获得平均种类数在8～26种之间,种类最少的出现在7号站,最多的出现在3号站。各站位香农威纳指数也有很大差异,最大的是2001年11月的8号站,最小的则出现在2001年8月的9号站。7号站和9号站种类数、物种多样性指数及物种丰度指数均较低,这是因为它们位于水流较大的区域,且底质为粗砂。3号站虽然种类数较多,并具有较大的香农威纳指数,但它的物种均匀度指数却非常低,这是因为3号站靠近菲律宾蛤仔养殖区域,蛤仔的高密度降低了均匀度指数。生物多样性除了受种的数量及其个体密度的影响外,还与多种环境因素有关,如水温,盐度、初级生产力等,人为因素(如污染、过度利用)对底栖生物影响非常大。目的在于为进一步研究胶州湾生物多样性变化及底栖生物资源的合理开发和持续利用提供科学依据和积累资料。

Jiaozhou Bay, situated at latitude 35°38＇ N - 36°18＇ N, longitude 120°04＇ E- 120°23＇ E, is a typical semi-enclosed shallow bay ＇ The number of species in Jiaozhou Bay is very rich, and some species such as Ruditapes philippinrium, Terebellides stroemii, Sternospis scutata, are especially abundant. This paper reports the current condition of species diversity of macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay （Qingdao, China）. Study materials were collected once every three months from 15 cruises of investigation carried out in February, 1998 to November, 2001. In analyzing the data, the Shannon-Wiener index, species evenness and richness indices are used to study the distributional trends of community structure, the distributional trends of species fauna in Jiaozhou Bay assemblages, dominant species and abundance of macrobenthic A total of 322 species macrobenthic animals were obtained from Jiaozhou Bay, of which 133 species belong to 44 families in Polychaeta, while 92 species belong to 42 families in Crustacea. Only 14 species of Echinodermata were found. Forty-seven species were ranked as dominant species of which Ruditapes philippinarum, Sthenolepis japonica, Natatolana japonensis are among the most dominant of each group. The average number of species was about 8 ~ 26 per sample station, the lowest number, 8 species, was found in Station No. 7, the maximum number, 26 species, was found in Station No. 3. The total number of individuals in samples taken in different months showed great variation because of great variation in the number of short life span species. There was great difference of Shannon-Wiener index between each sample, the highest was 4.77, recorded in Nov. 2001 from Station No. 8, the lowest was 0.95, recorded in Aug. 2001 from Station No. 9. Stations No. 4, 6 had higher ShannonWiener indices and species richness indices than other stations. Both the number of species, the Shannon-Wiener indices and species richness indices were lower in Stations No. 7 and 9 than in other stations, because they were situated at the areas with rapid current and with coarse sandy bottom. Although Station No. 3 has high species richness and high Shannon-Wiener index, it has the lowest Pielou evenness index because it is located near the Ruditapes philippinarum culture area, where high abundance of clam caused lowering of the evenness index. Most stations had higher Pielou evenness indices in winter than in spring, because spring is the season when some species grow fast, mature, reproduce and thus increase in abundance. Based on analysis of data, it is revealed that the number of species and its abundance have great effect on biodiversity, some environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and primary productivity are closely interretated with biodiversity. Anthropogenic factors causing pollution and over-exploitation have adverse effect on biodiversity. In order to find out the best way to enhance and protect marine living resources, the impact of human activities relationship on biodiversity of macrobenthos in Jiaozhou Bay should be studied further.