政府权威下的有限妥协——政策执行的三方行动分析

Limited Compromise under the Authority——The Analysis of the Action in the Policy Implementation

政策执行是一个动态复杂的过程,其间涉及三个主要的变量:政策决策者、执行者和目标群体。按照洛伊的分类,政策可以分为构成性政策、分配性政策、规制性政策、再分配性政策。不同类型的政策中三方变量的关系和行动各不相同,表现出复杂的特征。总体来看,政策三方之间是在最高中央权威下互相之间有效妥协的结果。然而,妥协可以分为积极妥协和消极妥协,消极妥协是政策实施效力减损的重要原因,消极妥协导致严重的政策执行亏空。

The policy implementation is an active process in terms of three variants ： decision - maker, imple menter and subjects. According to Lowi, the policy can be classified into configurative policy, distribute policy, regulative policy and redistribute policy. The policy is the result of compromise under the highest authority. However, the compromise includes the positive compromise and the negative compromise. The first leads to the weak effectiveness ,and the second leads to the serious implementation deficit.